Video super resolution online

The goal is to generate high-resolution video frames from low-resolution input, improving the overall quality scheduler ( SchedulerMixin) — A scheduler to be used in combination with unet to denoise the encoded image latents. The goal is to produce an output image with a higher resolution than the input image, while Jul 19, 2022 · Video super-resolution is currently one of the most active research topics in computer vision as it plays an important role in many visual applications. Feb 3, 2022 · Fast Online Video Super-Resolution with Deformable Attention Pyramid. ”. Can be one of DDIMScheduler, LMSDiscreteScheduler, or PNDMScheduler. Optical flow, which can supply dense and sub Aug 14, 2023 · N. Pipeline for text-guided image super-resolution using Stable Diffusion 2. (these are advanced options and usually do not need to be adjusted) Upload Your Image. Enhance video quality. 264 encoding being used. Mar 22, 2023 · Quick Tip on how to use the Nvidia RTX video super resolution to upscale and increase the resolution of local video files. Upscale video from SD to HD and HD to UHD with better results than classic interpolation using Pixop's ML super resolution video upscale filter. Recently, Transformer has been gaining popularity due to its parallel computing ability for sequence-to-sequence modeling. Every filter is trained on thousands of hours of footage, tested rigorously and works best on digitally-shot footage from the 90s onwards. Super-Resolution (SR) refers to enhancing the resolution of an image (or any type of signal like video sequences) from its low-resolution counterpart (s). Edit. You can also change the aspect ratio in our cropping tool. Enhance image quality and resolution up to 8x in batch or access the scaling API. All Filters. There are tools you can use to enhance a video when you are editing; adding sharpness to certain areas, changing brightness, stabilising the Jan 18, 2022 · Besides, parallel warping is used to further fuse information from neighboring frames by parallel feature warping. Hit the 'Upscale' button, and your low-resolution video will be upscaled instantly. This feature, a part of the newest GeForce Game Ready Driver, is redefining the standard for video upscaling using the power of AI. How long it takes to run might also affect performance, but for high end hardware it's expected that the upscaling itself won't take a lot of Video Super-Resolution via Deep Draft-Ensemble Learning [Project Page] 🔥: Deep-DE: MATLAB: ICCV2015: Video Super-Resolution With Convolutional Neural Networks 🔥: VSRnet: PyTorch: TCI2016: Real-Time Video Super-Resolution With Spatio-Temporal Networks and Motion Compensation 🔥: VESPCN: PyTorch, TensorFlow: CVPR2017, arXiv our proposed method can process online video sequences up to 110 FPS, with very low model complexity and competitive SR performance. Or, if you’re looking for something new Mobile AI 2021 Real-Time Video Super-Resolution challenge results and final rankings. Review Enhanced Image. Get professional quality for every video or image. ) [ Paper] [ Code] for image enhancing. Recently, Vision Transformer has achieved great success in recovering missing details in low-resolution sequences, i. The AI Video Super Resolution solution is designed to reconstruct high-resolution videos from low-resolution videos through self-developed super resolution algorithms based on deep learning, for example, a 480p video can be converted to a 1080p video. To associate your repository with the video-super-resolution topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. Fix pixelation and blur. In this paper, we propose a noise-robust VSR May 16, 2024 · A: Over 90% of all internet video is 1080p or less. Check the super resolution box under “RTX video enhancement” and select a quality from one to four — ranging from the lowest Aug 4, 2022 · Deep learning-based models have achieved remarkable performance in video super-resolution (VSR) in recent years, but most of these models are less applicable to online video applications. Super-Resolution is a task in computer vision that involves increasing the resolution of an image or video by generating missing high-frequency details from low-resolution input. Sep 11, 2023 · Video super-resolution aims to restore low-resolution videos into their high-resolution counterparts. Allows the use of RTX AI SuperResolution or GPU accelerated Upscaling. Due to its ability to transcend the physical limitations of conventional imaging sensors, SRR finds applications in different areas ranging from standard end-user digital Video super-resolution ( VSR) is the process of generating high-resolution video frames from the given low-resolution video frames. Although recent progress in video SRR has significantly improved the quality of the reconstructed HR sequences, it remains challenging to design SRR algorithms that achieve good quality and robustness at a small computational complexity, being Deep learning-based models have achieved remarkable performance in video super-resolution (VSR) in recent years, but most of these models are less applicable to online video applications. Our VSR-Transformer block contains a spatial-temporal convolutional self-attention layer and a bidirectionaloptical flow-based feed-forward layer. Video Super-Resolution. Thus, it seems to be straightforward to apply the vision Transformer to solve VSR. Deep learning-based models have achieved remarkable performance in video super-resolution (VSR) in recent years, but most of these models are less applicable to online video applications. Model trained on DIV2K Dataset (on bicubically downsampled images) on image patches of size 128 x 128. Importantly, designing efficient, yet effective frame alignment and fusion modules remain central Feb 3, 2022 · Video super-resolution (VSR) has many applications that pose strict causal, real-time, and latency constraints, including video streaming and TV. Bigjpg - AI Super-Resolution lossless image enlarging / upscaling tool using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Video super-resolution (VSR) aims to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) video sequence from its low-resolution (LR) counterpart. Feb 28, 2023 · Both Chrome (version 110. The challenge is how to make use of temporal coherence among neighbouring LR frames. Image Super Resolution refers to the task of enhancing the resolution of an image from low-resolution (LR) to high (HR). Dec 28, 2023 · 2. StableDiffusionUpscalePipeline can be used to enhance the resolution of input images by a factor of 4. Some methods are robust to noise but all of them need to be trained on specific noisy training datasets. Our VSR-Transformer is able to improve the performance Step 2. In this survey, we comprehensively investigate 37 state-of-the-art VSR methods based on deep learning. To enable it, launch the NVIDIA Control Panel and open “Adjust video image settings. Fang, Z. All online without creating an account. AI Image Upscaler to upscale images and photos with AI online. Haris, Muhammad, Gregory Shakhnarovich, and Norimichi Ukita. ∗ The solution from Noah TerminalVision was not parsed correctly by Upscale-A-Video is a diffusion-based model that upscales videos by taking the low-resolution video and text prompts as inputs. Initiate Processing. Users can specify quality levels between 1 (lowest) to 4 (highest). The difference between them is that the video is composed of multiple frames, so the video super-resolution usually uses the information between frames to repair. For example, when you zoom in on a digital image, you start seeing the image starting to Feb 28, 2023 · Nvidia has a new feature where you can find UPSCALE videos IN YOUR BROWSER. 16 dB) on nine benchmark datasets. Video super-resolution (VSR) is the problem of restor-ing spatial high-frequency components from low-resolution video frames. Choose the video format and click the Convert button to get your enhanced video. VSRnet is an extension of the image super-resolution algorithm SRCNN to the video domain. Video super-resolution (VSR) has many applications that pose strict causal, real-time, and latency constraints, including video streaming and TV. It is well known that the leverage of information within video frames is important for video Mar 1, 2023 · Nvidia's new RTX Video Super Resolution (VSR) is a feature of Nvidia'sRTX 30 and RTX 40-series Nvidia GPU that lets them upscale any video content they play within the Chrome or Edge browser. Among them, video super-resolution (VSR) aims to reconstruct high-resolution sequences from low-resolution sequences. Improve image resolution for free and experience high-quality visuals with our image super resolution technology. Video Enhancer can upscale digital videos to any resolution with superb quality: be it 480p to 720p, 720p to 1080p, 480p to 1080p or anything else. Generate stunning AI art in 4K & beyond. Introduction. Service to upscale your Videos for Online video streaming has fundamental limitations on the transmission bandwidth and computational capacity and super-resolution is a promising potential solution. Video Super-Resolution (VSR) Video super-resolution aims to improve video quality and detail reconstruction by learning the spatial and temporal characteristics of the video and upgrading the low-resolution video to high resolution. In this paper, we focus on online video transmission 136 papers with code • 15 benchmarks • 15 datasets. With the ability to provide 2x and 4x proportional super-resolution, we can upscale video clarity up to 4K. However, there is rarely systematical review on these methods. The lower the render resolution, the faster the rendering, but the lower the quality. Windows. Features standout face correction and customizable magnification ratios. Try for Free. Apr 9, 2024 · Edit. Aug 30, 2019 · Video super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) algorithms attempt to reconstruct high-resolution (HR) video sequences from low-resolution observations. Choose the following options to improve video quality: upscale resolution, optimize brightness and contrast, remove video noise and reduce video shaking. Drag and drop anywhere to upload. 136 papers with code • 15 benchmarks • 15 datasets. Increase the resemblance parameter to get a more precise recreation of your original input image. 5481. This model inherits from DiffusionPipeline. Feel free to enjoy more editing options via 'Edit more' on the top right corner. Preparing Environment. Generally, video super-resolution contains a significant component, i. You will get quick access to our multi-track video editor. Though much progress has been achieved, most of the existing online-VSR methods estimate the motion fields of each frame separately to perform alignment, which is Sep 30, 2021 · Previous CNN-based video super-resolution (VSR) approaches can not be directly applied to noisy images, otherwise the noise will be enhanced after super-resolution (SR) reconstruction models. Jul 12, 2021 · View a PDF of the paper titled Real-Time Super-Resolution System of 4K-Video Based on Deep Learning, by Yanpeng Cao and 4 other authors. The model can upscale images to either 1024x1024px or 2048x2048px, producing stunning results with significant detail. 0. Select the size. The Super-Resolution StableDiffusionUpscalePipeline The upscaler diffusion model was created by the researchers and engineers from CompVis, Stability AI, and LAION, as part of Stable Diffusion 2. io Video Upscaler provides 2X and 4X upscaling factors, allowing for remarkable super-resolution, enhancing clarity up to 4K resolution in minutes. "Deep video super-resolution network using dynamic upsampling filters without explicit motion compensation. Providing a leap in graphical fidelity for laptop owners with 1080p screens, the updated RTX VSR makes 1080p resolution, which is popular for content and displays, look smoother at its native resolution, even with Dec 15, 2023 · Online video super-resolution (online-VSR) highly relies on an effective alignment module to aggregate temporal information, while the strict latency requirement makes accurate and efficient alignment very challenging. , online-VSR has attracted growing attention from researchers [1, 2, 3]. Super resolution is still being optimized, so make sure to get the best out of the GPU and AI driven feature by In a world where video content reigns supreme, the pursuit of impeccable visual quality continues to drive innovation. It is popularly used in the following applications: Surveillance: to detect, identify, and perform facial recognition on low-resolution images obtained from security cameras. These methods solely consider the distortion quality and ignore crucial requirements for online applications, e. Our experiments show that, unlike previous VSR methods, VideoGigaGAN generates temporally consistent videos with more fine-grained appearance details. As Jan 25, 2024 · In a groundbreaking advancement, NVIDIA has unveiled its RTX Video Super Resolution (RTX VSR) technology, transforming the way low-resolution videos are experienced online. A plugin to enable nVidia RTX Video Super Resolution features as a source filter. In this paper, we focus on online video transmission Jul 25, 2020 · In recent years, deep learning has made great progress in many fields such as image recognition, natural language processing, speech recognition and video super-resolution. An “HD” icon is displayed in the address bar when video super resolution is enabled for the current video. . 29. , a fragment of the video), and deliver- Online. This is achieved through a complete analysis of existing information on the image and Video super-resolution originates from image super-resolution, which aims to recover high-resolution (HR) images from one or more low resolution (LR) images. 1. However, the Aug 14, 2023 · Although more recent works like IconVSR [2], BasicVSR++ [3] and Global Omniscient Video Super-resolution [46] focus on further enhancing the performance of recurrent modelling for VSR, by making use of bi-directional all-frames-in approach, they are not designed for real-time online application. To start enhancing your video quality in Microsoft Edge, select the enhance video icon in the address bar or, on sites like YouTube, you can hover over the video and select the enhance video icon from there. Enjoy your creative journey. Aug 4, 2022 · This paper proposes an extremely low-latency VSR algorithm based on a novel kernel knowledge transfer method, named the convolutional kernel bypass graft (CKBG), which can process online video sequences up to 110 FPS with very low model complexity and competitive SR performance. However, applying existing video super-resolution methods to online streaming is non-trivial. For private use or bespoke integrations tailored to your unique needs, reach out to us today! Social Media. More than 100 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 420 million projects. The Media. In order to make better use of temporal information in video super-resolution, we design inverse recurrent net and hybrid local fusion. It effectively exploits spatial information by utilizing the capabilities of an image Mar 9, 2024 · This colab demonstrates use of TensorFlow Hub Module for Enhanced Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Network ( by Xintao Wang et. Existing methods typically rely on optical flow, which assumes linear motion and is sensitive to rapid lighting changes, to capture inter-frame information. However, the usage of these methods is often not adequately explained, and decisions are primarily driven by Make videos look better with the video enhancer from Flixier. Use our tool to unlock the full potential of your video content now. Recently, the VSR methods based on deep neural networks have made great progress. Index Terms—Video Super-resolution, deep lightweight model, video restoration I. Tips and Tricks. Mar 20, 2022 · Video super-resolution is currently one of the most active research topics in computer vision as it plays an important role in many visual applications. In contrast to single image super-resolution, where methods are bound to rely on image priors, VSR of By Anil Chandra Naidu Matcha. It's free, open source and works out of the box. Video super-resolution (VSR) technology excels in reconstructing low-quality video, avoiding unpleasant blur effect caused by interpolation-based algorithms. However, many existing methods to solve video super-resolution usually make use of complex strategies, such as explicit optical flow, deformable convolution, which increase complexity and computation. Customers with 1440p or 4k panels will see a benefit for almost all internet video. Team Diggers is the challenge winner. We address the VSR problem under these settings, which poses additional important challenges since information from future frames Super-Resolution. Then click Apply to All to apply the settings. Preview. Remaster videos up to UHD 8K and improve video quality with our automated filters for ML super resolution, AI denoising, AI deinterlacing, AI deep restoration and more. Step 3. 📖 For more visual results, go checkout our project page 🔥 Update resolution can contribute to lowering the encoding latency. Save the enhanced video file. The upscaling algorithm affects the quality. Event cameras can asynchronously output high temporal resolution event streams, which can reflect nonlinear motion and are robust to Aug 30, 2019 · In this paper, we propose a new adaptive video SRR algorithm that achieves state-of-the-art performance at a very small computational cost. However Super resolution works by rendering at a lower resolution and upscaling. 2. This improvement in image super resolution includes increasing its pixel density in order to enhance its sharpness. We address the VSR problem under these settings, which poses additional important challenges since information from future frames Oct 17, 2023 · RTX VSR version 1. Real-ESRGAN is an advanced ESRGAN-based super-resolution tool trained on synthetic data to enhance image details and reduce noise. Achieved with Waifu2x, Real-ESRGAN, Real-CUGAN, RTX Video Super Resolution VSR, SRMD, RealSR, Anime4K, RIFE, I With the advancement of sensors, image and video processing have developed for use in the visual sensing area. However, their performance relies heavily on motion estimation accuracy. Importantly, designing efficient, yet effective frame We surpass state-of-the-art method EDVR-M on two stan-dard benchmarks with a speed-up of over 3×. Video super-resolution converts low-resolution videos to sharp high-resolution ones. 56) have updated recently to support RTX VSR. Mar 8, 2023 · Video super resolution is automatically enabled by Edge and indicated by an HD icon on the address. Video super resolution relies heavily on temporal align-ment, either explicitly or implicitly, to make use of com-plementary information from neighboring low-resolution frames. Google Scholar [9] To associate your repository with the super-resolution topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. During the runtime measurements, the models were upscaling 10 subsequent video frames from 180×320 to 1280×720 pixels on the OPPO Find X2 smartphone. 2018. e. 265 and/or extremely high bitrates will yield less performance. However, vast computation complexity and memory Jun 7, 2022 · Abstract. Make every picture sharp and clear with one click. Video super-resolution for green streaming: In recent years, client devices have increased processing capability owing to the increasing RAM capacity, CPU power, and, more impor-tantly, the introduction of powerful GPUs. " GitHub is where people build software. Jun 12, 2021 · Video super-resolution (VSR), with the aim to restore a high-resolution video from its corresponding low-resolution version, is a spatial-temporal sequence prediction problem. Super Resolution is a method to upscale video and images, i. It can be regarded as a specialized application of image super-resolution, serving various purposes, such as video display and surveillance. Online video streaming has fundamental limitations on the transmission bandwidth and computational capacity and super-resolution is a promising potential solution. Once the video is opened in your dashboard, you will see the list of instruments in the sidebar. Despite RNN’s ability to propagate memory across longer sequences Upscale and Enhance videos and images online using AI. Request API. Oct 12, 2020 · Video super-resolution (SR) aims at generating high-resolution (HR) frames from consecutive low-resolution (LR) frames. Sep 14, 2023 · Video super-resolution aims to generate high-resolution frames from low-resolution counterparts. , the video super-resolution (VSR) task. Enhance image quality and restore low resolution images with our free online tool. Decide whether you want to increase the resolution by 2X or 4X. The original codebase can be found here: Bigjpg - Image Super-Resolution for Anime-style artworks using the Deep Convolutional Neural Networks without quality loss. Upscale pics with AI. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are widespread for Video Super-Resolution (VSR) because of their proven ability to learn spatiotemporal inter-dependencies across the temporal dimension. These can be combined with an RTX AI Artifact Reduction pre-pass mode as well to further process your source material. A free web tool for AI upscaling videos right in the browser, no signup or software installation required. Start free. Ideal for improving compressed social media images. Mar 1, 2023 · A novel method specifically for online video streaming, which contains a convolution and Look-Up Table (LUT) hybrid model to achieve better performance-latency trade-off and to tackle the changing degradations is proposed. The major This repository is the official PyTorch implementation of "Video Super-Resolution Transformer with Masked Inter&Intra-Frame Attention" (arxiv,pretrained models). The solution allows you to efficiently convert mass videos into high resolution and ultra-high Video super-resolution (VSR), with the aim to restore a high-resolution video from its corresponding low-resolution version, is a spatial-temporal sequence prediction problem. Feb 28, 2023 · This improves video sharpness and clarity, and lets people watch online content – whether from Twitch, YouTube, Netflix or Hulu – in its native resolution on high-resolution displays up to 4K. The goal is to generate high-resolution video frames from low-resolution input, improving the overall quality When you 'enhance' a video, you are essentially having the computer make intelligent guesses about what extra pixels it should add. , low latency and low model complexity. 1366 papers with code • 1 benchmarks • 21 datasets. It can be a 1080p resolution or any other you choose. To use consecutive contexts within a low-resolution sequence, VSR learns the spatial and temporal characteristics of multiple frames of the low-resolution sequence. It is much faster, though not as powerful, as other popular AI Upscaling software. Aug 1, 2023 · To associate your repository with the video-super-resolution topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. Zhan, High-resolution optical flow and frame-recurrent network for video super-resolution and deblurring, Neurocomputing 489 (2022) 128–138. Recently, video super-resolution has achieved an outstanding performance. Experimental results on three tasks, including video super-resolution, video deblurring and video denoising, demonstrate that VRT outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by large margins (up to 2. io's Video Enhancer is a user-friendly online tool that streamlines video editing with automatic operations. , motion compensation, which is used to estimate the displacement between successive video frames for temporal alignment. , WebRTC) dynamically change the video quality both spatially and temporally, which 4K - 12 FPS (2 hours) 8K - 3 FPS (8 hours) Note that these numbers assume H. Select the image you want to enhance and upload it to the platform. Deep learning-based models have achieved remarkable performance in video super-resolution (VSR) in recent years, but Feb 23, 2024 · Minimum OBS Studio Version. There are many approaches for this task, but May 17, 2024 · Video super-resolution (VSR) is a prominent research topic in low-level computer vision, where deep learning technologies have played a significant role. The results doesn't enhance quality, it usually smooths the image a bit. g. ity, and may not achieve good performance at the presence of new data distribution [55]. The goal is to generate high-resolution video frames from low-resolution input, improving the overall quality of the video. Jul 7, 2022 · The resolution of an image is the number of pixels displayed per square inch (PPI) of a digital image. Jo, Younghyun, et al. Using a nonlinear cost function constructed considering characteristics of typical innovation outliers in natural image sequences and an edge-preserving regularization strategy, we achieve state-of-the-art Apr 1, 2022 · Video super-resolution (VSR) is reconstructing high-resolution videos from low resolution ones. Super resolution is basically the process through which the overall quality of your images is enhanced beyond its original size or resolution. " Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. Click on the option to start the resolution enhancement process. This paper proposes a novel method for real-time video super-resolution. To overcome this limitation, new approaches [4,8,20,30,51,53,55] exploit the overfit-ting property of DNN by training an SR model for each video chunk (i. increase resolution of a video or picture (terms "upsize", "up-convert" and "uprez" are also widely used). We validate the effectiveness of VideoGigaGAN by comparing it with state-of-the-art VSR models on public datasets and showcasing video results with 8× super-resolution. 1587. Choose Enhancement Option. Images in JPEG or PNG format that are smaller than 3000×3000 in resolution work best with our photo enlarger. INTRODUCTION V IDEO super-resolution (VSR) is a fundamental task in computer vision, which aims to generate high-resolution Jul 27, 2023 · Video Super Resolution (VSR) was introduced by Nvidia in early 2023 and uses AI-based GPU power to transform grainy video into a sharp and responsive image in your browser. Video Super-Resolution is a computer vision task that aims to increase the resolution of a video sequence, typically from lower to higher resolutions. Enter the realm of video super resolution online, a technological marvel that holds the promise of transforming pixelated, grainy visuals into stunning, high-definition masterpieces. Twitch, YouTube, and so on! It's insane how well this new tech can improve video Video, Image and GIF upscale/enlarge(Super-Resolution) and Video frame interpolation. Correct colors and lighting. Most previous works use motion estimation and compensation based models. Subscription services like Prime Video, Disney+, Hulu, HBO MAX mostly max out at 1080p video on PCs and can be enhanced with RTX Video Super Resolution. Photos are also supported. Feel free to use other tools featured in our inventory to Jul 1, 2020 · Super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) is a technique that aims to obtain high-resolution (HR) images of a given scene from low-resolution (LR) observations [1], [2], [3]. The smaller the image, the more dramatic the upscaling will be. The feature can be computationally intensive, so this icon allows a user to be in full control of enabling or disabling the feature. In recent years, due to the increasing popularity of online video conference, live broadcasting, etc. We concatenate the original low-resolution input sequence and its inverse sequence repeatedly. Existing video codecs and streaming protocols (e. To enforce temporal consistency, we first inflate the image upsampler into a video upsampler by adding temporal attention layers into the decoder blocks. Very CPU intensive codecs like H. Upscale videos with AI for free, right in your browser - no signups, installation or config necessary. In this paper, we focus on online video […] May 28, 2014 · Video Super Resolution. SR models, and delivered to end-user for video super-resolution. Abstract. 105 or higher) and Edge (version 110. This paper proposes a new Transformer for video super-resolution (called VSR-Transformer). Our Video Super-Resolution (VSR) model is built upon the asymmetric U-Net architecture of the image GigaGAN upsampler. We address the VSR problem under these settings, which poses additional important challenges since information from future frames is unavailable. Supported Platforms. Unlike single-image super-resolution (SISR), the main goal is not only to restore more fine details while saving coarse ones, but also to preserve motion consistency. Hence, it is possible Upload source files (this is your video clip and there is no file size limit) Select video format: mp4; Select output video quality (you have a choice from low 240p to 720p, 1080p, HD, and even Ultra HD 4k quality) Adjust video settings: codec, bitrate, etc. (Preferrably bicubically downsampled images). 5 will also de-artifact videos played at their native resolution — prior, only upscaled video could be enhanced. The rapid progress in deep learning and its applications in VSR has led to a proliferation of tools and techniques in the literature. Adjust settings for brightness, contrast, saturation and more. Click ‘Resize Video’ and select the dimensions you need. In this survey, we comprehensively investigate 33 state-of-the-art video super-resolution (VSR) methods based on deep learning. al. It is well known that the leverage of information Step 2: Upscale. Thus, it seems to be straightforward to apply Powered by AI technology, Media. Get Started for Free. Increase image resolution and improve quality. VESCPN [1] is the first end-to-end video SR method that jointly trains optical flow estimation and spatial-temporal networks. In this paper, we propose a lightweight network for video This very flexible model can be used for upscaling, refining an image, or inpainting. By Jiezhang Cao, Yawei Li, Kai Zhang, Luc Van Gool. ev fo zf ia ku fd la qc tj fw