Router alley bgp you are using iBGP everywhere and this is the root cause of your issue. 64. Configure a loopback interface on each router. You could use BGP route reflectors or confederations to make Jun 25, 2016 · The router will do a bit-by-bit comparison to find the most specific route (i. x. 45. 0 network. Unlike other routing protocols however, BGP does not Basic configuration: The BGP router ID can be taken from one of the following sources, listed in order of preference: The bgp 1. Once the connection is established with the neighboring routers, they Dec 11, 2024 · The BGP routing process is pivotal in determining the most efficient paths for data to travel across the internet. Unlike OSPF and EIGRP, which Jun 25, 2016 · %PDF-1. gns3vault. 2 prefix-list RouterA-in in Oct 12, 2017 · I am new to BGP routing and looking to make sure I am on the correct path for setting up BGP with HA. Ensure that Router 9 prefers the path through Router 10 to reach Router 12’s loopback interface. Feb 12, 2023 · BGP Attributes Categories. 1 advanced BGP Lab Aaron balchunas * * * All original material copyright 2006 by Aaron balchunas unless otherwise noted. Dynamic Routing Section 7 Configuring Static Routes Section 8 Default Routing Part III – Dynamic Routing Protocols Section 9 RIP v1 & v2 Section 10 IGRP Section Jun 25, 2016 · • Edge block – containing the routers and firewalls that connect users to the WAN or Internet Each block connects to each other through the core layer, which is often referred to Jun 25, 2016 · The router will do a bit-by-bit comparison to find the most specific route (i. When a Jun 2, 2024 · The BGP Router ID is a key identifier used by BGP routers to establish and maintain unique session relationships. 5 (All SPF Routers) 224. . 121. My current setup is 3 FRR routers in full mesh all on With the as-set argument, the path information in the BGP table for the aggregate route changes to include a set from 300 {200,100}. x Router 5 – 7 = 192. 4 remote-as 2. Routers Section 5 STP Section 6 IPv4 Addressing and Subnetting Section 7 TCP and UDP Section 8 IPv6 Addressing Section 9 Introduction to Nov 29, 2023 · Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) in a nutshell. Dynamic Routing Section 7 Configuring Static Routes Section 8 Default Routing Part III – Dynamic Routing Protocols Section 9 RIP v1 & v2 Section 10 IGRP Section Apr 27, 2022 · This article describes the operation of the BGP protocol (Border Gateway Protocol) which allows two routers belonging to different autonomous systems to communicate with 10. Switches vs. The MPLS architecture is detailed in RFC 3031. Router B will now load balance all traffic to any 10. 4 %Çì ¢ 5 0 obj > stream xœí[ÙŽ\· }Ÿ¯¸o™6Ô×Ü ?96 'A Äò y° cöžd¦GšEò|G‚üCþ2E^’Uì[Ý=’eçE P¼\ŠU§NU‘í7ƒ ¥ DúS §7 Ÿ¿òÃåýAî ^}S w— o Â¨Ó Jun 25, 2016 · The tunnel source, on the local router, must be pointed to as the tunnel destination, on the remote router. 2 prefix-list RouterA-in in neighbor 102. set protocols bgp 64512 parameters router-id 203. 1 remote-as 1 R3(config-router)#neighbor 192. 23. 0 0. 10. Find more similar flip PDFs like Border Gateway Protocol - Router Alley. Additionally: a. English Deutsch Français Español Português Italiano Român Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Jan 18, 2024 · I seem to have a workaround, although I still need clarification on the recommended way to do this. The interface should have an address using the following Feb 13, 2024 · The list of AS numbers associated with a BGP route is called the AS_PATH and is one of several path “BGP Attributes” associated with each route. The BGP session may Oct 23, 2013 · I am trying to understand how BGP Route Poisoning works. Find more similar flip PDFs like Use BGP Route Reflectors. To hide internal network structure, BGP Jan 24, 2020 · BGP Neighbor States •A BGP router goes through six different states –Idle • The router is looking for a route to its neighbor –Connect • BGP router moves from Idle to Connect Jan 17, 2024 · Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) BGP is a standardized exterior gateway protocol (EGP), as opposed to RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP which are interior gateway protocols (IGP’s Apr 25, 2024 · All routers in the above diagram should run BGP, with the exception of Router 6. It is Nov 8, 2024 · Description The article explains the BGP path attributes and best path selection criteria. TCP port 179 Oct 31, 2023 · R1 preempts and takes over as active router again. Possible Causes. x network between routers A and C. 56. This section will take you step Jun 25, 2016 · considered 2-Way once a router sees its own Router ID in its neighbor’s Hello Packet. Additionally, the following parameters must be Simple guides on Leadership, Networking and Security. It also means it is more efficient to tell other routers about an area where the Dec 2, 2024 · BGP routers typically receive multiple paths to the same destination. com ), unless otherwise noted Jun 25, 2016 · 224. This command also ensures that !--- the router waits 60 seconds before doing so in order to give BGP time enough to Aug 14, 2024 · Establishing Connections: BGP routers, known as BGP speakers, establish a connection with each other using TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). e. Suffice to say, this is not a good thing. How do they know the directions? The BGP protocol plays an essential role in this process. May 3, 2013 · Multiprotocol Label Switching - Router Alley. 255. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. External BGP 20 Internal EIGRP 90 IGRP 100 OSPF 110 IS-IS 115 R3(config)#router bgp 3 R3(config-router)#neighbor 192. x 3. Oct 13, 2022 · Download BGP Routing Protocol With 16 Practice Labs. 1 remote-as Oct 27, 2024 · BGP is the de facto exterior gateway protocol, so routers that connect networks to the internet have to speak it. Download (config)# router Feb 12, 2013 · R2(config)#router bgp 200. Let's learn more! Jun 16, 2014 · Advanced BGP Lab - Router Alley. A BGP session refers to the established adjacency between two BGP routers. R2(config-router)#neighbor 12. ☺ It gets better. There are 3 days ago · BGP routers use the stored information to route traffic optimally. Visit our site for more FREE Cisco Labs! Transcription of bgp advanced lab - Router Alley. 120. Apr 1, 2024 · To overcome this, we need to configure BGP multi-hop. Jun 25, 2016 · between the two hosts without the need of a Layer-3 device, such as a router. 2 remote-as 2 It’s just a plain and simple BGP configuration. 246, local AS number 10! BGP table version is 16, main routing table version 16! 7 network entries Section 6 Static vs. All other material Nov 16, 2024 · When a BGP router connects to a neighboring AS router, known as external BGP, it possesses routing tables containing information about available paths on the global Internet. 1 AS-paths. R2# Now when R1 Aug 29, 2024 · Ccnp Switching Studyguide Router Alley (PDF) Written with the mindset to become the best CCNA self-study guide ever, it contains all the theory and practical Mar 2, 2019 · The BGP poisoned reverse should ocur under the following circumstances. All BGP Apr 25, 2024 · BGP Objectives: 16. 12. Bias-Free Language. The interface should have an address using the following Jul 11, 2019 · BGP requires a full mesh of internal BGP sessions -- sessions between routers in the same autonomous system. Thus, Router A must make a decision. It’s crucial in the establishment and Section 6 Static vs. BGP is a . 2. 0 network, one through Router A and the other through Router C. 2 remote-as 100 neighbor 102. BGP was not built to route within an Autonomous System (AS), but rather to What is an autonomous system? The Internet is a network of networks. 0 neighbor 102. English Deutsch Français Español Português Italiano Român Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Türkçe Suomi Latvian Lithuanian česk Jun 25, 2016 · Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) BGP is a standardized exterior gateway protocol (EGP), as opposed to RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP which are interior gateway protocols (IGP’s). MPLS Jun 25, 2016 · CCNP Routing Study Guide v1. This Feb 28, 2021 · Once the router is shut down, the BGP session established will be torn down and will trigger a domino effect all over the Internet to let everybody know that the subnets owned May 17, 2024 · BGP routers use decision-making algorithms and policies established in AS-peering agreements to analyze the data they gather via the prefix announcements and choose Jun 25, 2016 · rstp •. Consider the Sep 4, 2023 · BGP –Best Path 8 1. Router B then tries to Just like OSPF or EIGRP, BGP establishes a neighbor adjacency with other BGP routers before they exchange any routing information. neighbor ip-address remote-as autonomous-system-number. 100. 99, local AS number 65538 BGP table version is 3, main routing table version 3 2 network entries using 234 bytes of memory 2 path entries using 104 bytes of Jun 25, 2016 · MPLS-enabled routers apply numerical labels to packets, and can make forwarding decisions based on these labels. To keep BGP scalable, only best paths are distributed. Jun 25, 2016 · Otherwise, the router could not interpret the VLAN tag. Do not configure anything on Router 10 or Router 11 to Jun 25, 2016 · IS-IS routers must share a common physical link to become neighbors, and the System-ID must be unique on each router. 01 – Aaron Balchunas * * * • •) 1 ccnp switching Study guide Aaron Balchunas * * * All original material copyright 2014 by Aaron Balchunas unless Jun 25, 2016 · Section 4 Hubs vs. 113. 3. English Deutsch Français Español Português Italiano Român Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Indonesia Türkçe Jun 25, 2016 · 224. 102. "Route poisoning - When a router selects a neighbor as the best next hop, it makes sure that the neighbor is not Jul 21, 2023 · 15. Unlimited document download and read ad-free! No annoying ads and Feb 28, 2022 · According to BGP Split horizon Rule (Loop prevention mechanism inside the BGP Autonomous System), the Router R2 will not advertise this route to its iBGP peer Router R1 Apr 25, 2024 · Router 5 – 6 = 192. 22 – Aaron Balchunas * * * All original material copyright © 2013 by Aaron Balchunas ( aaron@routeralley. Mar 20, 2021 · I am currently diving deep into BGP and was hoping someone could help me find where I am going wrong with this please. R2(config-router)#end. 16. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. The primary factor in path selection is the shortest path, as determined by the stored route graphs. pdf), Text File (. 1 soft out. com/p/cisco-ccna-200-301-full-course-with-practical-labs - In this video, I will show you an advanced BGP LAB. BGP takes into consideration all the different peering options a router has and chooses the one closest to where the router is. 1 route-map MYMAP out The following route Jan 17, 2024 · Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) BGP is a standardized exterior gateway protocol (EGP), as opposed to RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP which are interior gateway protocols (IGP’s Jun 25, 2016 · MPLS-enabled routers apply numerical labels to packets, and can make forwarding decisions based on these labels. This set indicates that the aggregate actually summarizes Jun 25, 2016 · Router C. com This video explains you how to solve the Basic BGP Lab found on GNS3Vault. All routers within an area have identical topology tables. Improved Network Reliability. But that Jun 25, 2016 · All routers know the state of all existing links within their area, and store this information in a topology table. External BGP 20 Internal EIGRP 90 IGRP 100 OSPF 110 IS-IS 115 Apr 25, 2024 · Router 5 – 7 = 192. R2#clear ip bgp 12. Prefer the path with largest weight (configured locally; set to 0 (default) for routes not originated by this router) 2. set protocols bgp 64512 neighbor 192. Designated and Backup Designated Routers are elected at this stage. In the simplest case, each AS BGP forms a TCP session with neighbor routers called peers. ExStart – Nov 26, 2024 · Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) directs the flow of information between routers and networks, providing an essential protocol for communication between autonomous BGP is a powerful and flexible protocol, but it’s not always the right choice. The Jun 25, 2016 · • Active Router – router currently serving as the gateway. BGP Version 4 (BGPv4) is the current standard deployment. eBGP (external BGP) by default requires two Cisco IOS routers to be directly connected to each other in order to establish a neighbor adjacency. 1 route-map RM_MED out. BGP sessions are always point-to-point and are categorized into two types: Internal BGP Jun 25, 2016 · • Active Router – router currently serving as the gateway. x Router 10 – 12 = 192. For the purposes of this documentation set, . pdf - Free download as PDF File (. The clause starts out by saying Aug 29, 2023 · BGP Neighbor States • A BGP router goes through six different states – Idle • The router is looking for a route to its neighbor – Connect • BGP router moves from Idle to Connect Border Gateway Protocol (BGP - Router Read more about router, balchunas, copyright, routes, routing and respective. Router B sends an update to Router A, it will provide an Advertised Distance of 8 to the Destination Network. Routing is the process of forwarding packets from one network to another. This hash value is used to verify the Jun 25, 2016 · the same network, and cannot communicate without a router between them. Understanding the implications and best practices for 4 days ago · Learn what Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is, how it works, and its characteristics. If Router A has a directly http://www. It is broken up into hundreds of thousands of smaller networks known as autonomous systems (ASes). Step 4. Symptoms When a Router has a BGP prefix with more than one route to it, the BGP Jul 30, 2021 · Device(config)# router bgp 1: Enables a BGP routing process, assigns it an autonomous system number, and enters router configuration mode. 2 prefix-list May 21, 2024 · router bgp 64501 address-family ipv4 network 100. 0. Autonomous System numbers should be configured as shown. MP-BGP and BGP-4 are compatible, the BGP-4 router can Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing information between autonomous systems on the Internet. 6. Example: Jun 25, 2016 · NAT-enabled firewall/router. The interface should have an address using the following R4(config)#router bgp 2 R4(config-router)#neighbor 192. I have 2 Routers, 2 ISPs, /24 PI Space from ARIN, and an AS CCNP Switching Study Guide v2. So, each BGP route received Feb 15, 2016 · RouterB# show ip bgp summary BGP router identifier 172. 1. Dynamic NAT – utilizes a pool of global addresses to dynamically translate the outbound traffic of clients behind a NAT-enabled device. But that isn't the end of the story. 5 remote-as 3 R5(config)#router bgp 3 R5(config-router)#neighbor 192. The BGP Router ID is a unique identifier required for a BGP speaking device. EN. I believe I have 4 ways to share a route with my BGP neighbors from BIG-IP. English Deutsch Français Español Português Italiano Român Nederlands Latina Dansk Svenska Norsk Magyar Bahasa Jun 25, 2016 · RouterB(config)# router ospf 20 RouterB(config-router)# network 172. Routers Section 5 STP Section 6 IPv4 Addressing and Subnetting Section 7 TCP and UDP Section 8 IPv6 Addressing Section 9 Introduction to 4 days ago · BGP router configuration is now removed. 0 mask 255. Routers Section 5 STP Section 6 IPv4 Addressing and Subnetting Section 7 TCP and UDP Section 8 IPv6 Addressing Section 9 Introduction to Feb 13, 2024 · If you have a good understanding of BGP, BGP configuration is not at all difficult; however, it can get complicated when applying complex policies. Learn how Router Alley BGP works, its benefits, and how to configure it for efficient network Jun 25, 2016 · routers to re-converge (thus stopping the flow of traffic) when a topology change occurs. The atomic aggregate attribute indicates that a loss of Oct 20, 2021 · Hello @fri,. 106. 2 remote-as 64500 neighbor 102. It begins with the establishment of a BGP session between two Jun 25, 2016 · Section 4 Hubs vs. The highest IP address of a loopback Feb 10, 2019 · Internet routers which have routing information about the whole Internet, and therefore do not need to use a default route NB: is not related to where an Configuring Feb 3, 2022 · When a BGP router summarizes a route, it does not advertise the AS_Path information from before the aggregation. bgp log-neighbor Jan 14, 2025 · At each stop, the router always know where to direct us. All other material copyright of their respective owners. 2 remote-as 123. At its most basic level, BGP involves the exchange of lists of reachable destinations, like distance-vector routing without the distance information. 57. the BGP sessions between A0x ---- Box should be eBGP sessions means that B routers should use a different BGP As number. Great, that takes care of that. • Listening Router – all other routers participating in HSRP. If a change occurs to a link, the update is forwarded only to the DR, which then forwards it to all other routers. IPv6 Addressing - Router Alley was published by on 2015-10-05. In 25+ years as an engineer, leader, and teacher, I learned many things the hard way. 1 advanced BGP Lab Aaron Balchunas * * * All original material copyright 2006 by Aaron Balchunas unless otherwise noted. 2 remote-as 123 R3(config)#router bgp 123 R3(config-router)#neighbor 192. Table of Contents Lab 1: MED and AS-Path Prepend Lab 2: BGP Local Preference Lab 3: BGP path control Lab 4: BGP Confederations Lab 5: Bestpath as-path ignore Apr 25, 2024 · Router 5 – 7 = 192. 13. If no Feasible Successor exists and a link fails, a route will enter an Active Jun 16, 2014 · Basic BGP Lab - Router Alley. This is because eBGP routers use a TTL of Dec 20, 2024 · With MD5 hashing, BGP routers exchange a hash value derived from a shared key during the session establishment process. BGP Aaron Balchunas * * * All original material copyright 2007 by Aaron Balchunas unless otherwise noted. Configuring multihop eBGP enables the peers to pass through the other routers to form peer relationships and exchange Oct 19, 2023 · router which implements BGP connect to its neighboring BGP router with some shared policies. 168. router A advertises route X to router B and all of a sudden router B starts advertising route X to router A Jun 2, 2024 · Understanding the Importance of BGP Router ID. Border Gateway Protocol - Router Alley. - etherchannel - Port Aggregation A network will often span across multiple switches. Trunk ports are usually used to connect switches together. In each case I need to run "redistribute kernel" Jan 31, 2024 · Route Reflector Objective: A BGP router that reflects BGP routes to its clients is called a route reflector. 17. NAT Nov 29, 2016 · router bgp 101 network 100. BGP uses the Finite State Machine (FSM) to maintain a table of all BGP peers and their operational status. • Standby Router – backup router to the Active Router. 122 remote-as 701. 1 etherchannel Aaron Balchunas 1. The IP address on each subinterface represents the gateway for each VLAN: • HostA is in VLAN 101, and will use Jun 18, 2017 · BGP neighbour status Router>sh ip bgp sum!! BGP router identifier 10. 1 AS-paths¶. 248. 15. When that eBGP peer then forwards that route to an iBGP peer, it Jun 25, 2016 · between the two hosts without the need of a Layer-3 device, such as a router. 127. 6 (DR’s and BDR’s) Protocol and Port UDP port 520 IP Protocol 9 IP Protocol 88 IP Protocol 89 TCP port 179 Routing Protocol Apr 25, 2024 · Router 5 – 7 = 192. Do not configure anything on Router 10 or Router 11 to Router Alley BGP · April 27, 2024 Demystifying Router Alley BGP: A Comprehensive Guide. The BGP best path algorithm decides which is the best path to install in the IP routing table and to use for Jun 25, 2016 · summarized 10. Apr 25, 2024 · When a BGP router sends a route to an eBGP peer, it specifies itself as the next-hop to reach that route. Define the IP address and AS number used by the BGP neighbor. BGP router identifier (router-id) When the BGP router is enabled, an identifier is created. The Jun 11, 2024 · BGP route aggregation and route summarization are key techniques used to optimize the routing process in large networks. 255 area 0 RouterB(config-router)# redistribute eigrp 15 RouterB(config-router)# Jun 25, 2016 · RouterB(config)# router ospf 20 RouterB(config-router)# network 172. MPLS Jun 25, 2016 · IS-IS routers must share a common physical link to become neighbors, and the System-ID must be unique on each router. BGP is considered a Path Vector routing Protocol. Some elements of BGP are assigned to each path and these elements help routers to select a path from multiple paths. But that strategy, Router Alley STP allows for better flexibility in the network, as it can handle a variety of network topologies. Additionally, the following parameters must be Apr 25, 2024 · BGP Objectives: 16. Jun 25, 2016 · Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) BGP is a standardized exterior gateway protocol (EGP), as opposed to RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP which are interior gateway protocols (IGP’s). Here below are some elements of Device(config)# router bgp 45000: Enters router configuration mode and creates a BGP routing process. Likewise, HostC and HostD belong to the same VLAN, and thus the same broadcast domain. All the other iBGP routers become RR Jan 29, 2024 · Elements of BGP. 255 any eq 1982 Router(config)# queue-list 1 protocol ip 1 list 101 Router(config)# queue-list 1 protocol ip 1 tcp Mar 31, 2021 · Configuring BGP Graceful Shutdown. Dec 3, 2024 · Here’s a simplified Cisco code snippet of a router BGP clause: router bgp 64512 <omitted lines> neighbor 207. path vector protocol (details see RFC 4271) BGP routers exchange path vectors with BGP neighbors (peers) • Jun 25, 2016 · summarized 10. BGP Capabilities Advertisement: This is used by a BGP router to announce to the other BGP router what capabilities it supports. The focus of this chapter Jun 25, 2016 · If Router B sends a routing update to Router A, it will not include the subnet mask for the 10. All other material copyright of their Jun 25, 2016 · Router(config)# access-list 101 permit tcp 172. , longest matching prefix). txt) or read online for free. router-id command 2. This Section 4 Hubs vs. It is the IP address that matches maximum IP BGP Troubleshooting Scenario 1: Neighbor Not Establishing (Idle State) A BGP neighbor remains in the Idle state, indicating no TCP session establishment. However, configure Router 1, Router 8, and Router Alley BGP, also known as Border Gateway Protocol, is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous Jun 18, 2017 · • This command enables BGP in Cisco IOS: router bgp 100 • For ASNs > 65535, the AS number can be entered in either plain notation, or in dot notation: router bgp 131076 or Aug 29, 2023 · BGP Neighbor States • A BGP router goes through six different states – Idle • The router is looking for a route to its neighbor – Connect • BGP router moves from Idle to Connect Nov 29, 2023 · BGP is a highly scalable and expressive information hiding protocol by design. Here are situations where BGP is the preferred routing protocol: Large-Scale Networks: BGP is best suited for R1(config)#router bgp 123 R1(config-router)#neighbor 192. Each of Jan 24, 2020 · BGP Neighbor States •A BGP router goes through six different states –Idle • The router is looking for a route to its neighbor –Connect • BGP router moves from Idle to Connect 1 day ago · Multiple BGP routers can peer with a central point, the RR – acting as an RR server – rather than peer with every other router in a full mesh. The multi-protocol functionality of GRE can be used in conjunction with Oct 5, 2015 · Border Gateway Protocol - Router Alley was published by on 2015-10-05. There are four categories of BGP attributes (CiscoPress): Well-known mandatory: Must be recognized by all BGP routers, present in all Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - Router Alley. This connection is Apr 25, 2024 · Router 5 – 6 = 192. Now BGP Sessions. Routers inside an AS can be arranged in a hierarchy, with some Oct 5, 2015 · Check Pages 1-21 of IPv6 Addressing - Router Alley in the flip PDF version. Follow the lab Oct 5, 2015 · Description: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) BGP is a standardized exterior gateway protocol (EGP), as opposed to RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP which are interior gateway Apr 25, 2024 · all routers, using the diagrammed Autonomous System numbers. If weights are the same, prefer the path with 1 advanced BGP Lab Aaron Balchunas * * * All original material copyright 2006 by Aaron Balchunas unless otherwise noted. Apr 25, 2024 · Learn how to configure and troubleshoot BGP in a complex network with multiple autonomous systems, loopbacks, confederations, and route reflectors. Router Alley STP improves network reliability by preventing network loops and improving Jun 4, 2021 · https://mynetworktraining. 6 (DR’s and BDR’s) Protocol and Port UDP port 520 IP Protocol 9 IP Protocol 88 IP Protocol 89 TCP port 179 Routing Protocol Jun 25, 2016 · Router(config-route-map)# route-map MYMAP permit 20 Router(config)# router bgp 100 Router(config-router)# neighbor 172. In the Build a Transit Network with IBGP lab exercise, you learned the basics of IBGP, including the need to have a full mesh of IBGP sessions between all BGP Jan 27, 2017 · Router Alley - Guides. This Jun 25, 2016 · • Router D’s Feasible Distance to the Destination Network is 9. x Router 11 – 12 = 192. Form iBGP and eBGP neighbor relationships where appropriate. 255 area 0 RouterB(config-router)# redistribute eigrp 15 RouterB(config-router)# Jun 25, 2016 · OSPF routers will form adjacencies with the DR and BDR. safyodu yzwkwj kttoxw kdom bxa ckzjuf fxhwb wetc modojm ttx